Scot Year Nor Break Image 1536 "Norwegian Council of the Realm dissolved in Copenhagen. Norway and its possessions (Iceland, Greenland and Faroe Islands) become a province of the Kingdom of Denmark-Norway until 1814. Reformation, following the principles of Martin Luther, is introduced in Denmark-Norway, and a Danish translation of the Bible is adopted." null 0 "Reformation is introduced in Scotland via the Scottish Parliament. But although the Scottish Reformation is inspired by the ideas of both Martin Luther and John Calvin, the Scottish Church, led principally by John Knox, breaks with Rome by adopting the presbyterian principles of John Calvin. " 1560 "William Christison, a native of Fife in eastern Scotland, becomes a minister in Dundee. Christison had spent some time absorbing Lutheran principles in Norway whilst living there under the patronage of Geble Peterssoen, the first protestant bishop of Bergen." null 0 "The first Scottish psalter, containing over 100 tunes, is printed. Almost half of the tunes are Genevan in origin (from the Calvinist repertory), others are of probable Scottish origin." 1564 null 0 "Publication of the first extant edition of the 'Gude and Godlie ballatis' or 'Psalms of Dundee'. Attributed principally to James Wedderburn of Dundee, the volume contains the earliest metrical psalms known in Scotland - including psalms and hymns of Luther translated into Scots. The 'ballatis' probably first circulated in pamphlet form c1540." 1567 null 0 1569 "Denmark-Norway's first authorised hymn book, 'Den danske psalmebog', is issued by Danish priest and hymn writer Hans Thomissoen. Containing over 250 hymns it enjoys wide popularity. By the time Peter Dundass, Petter Dass' Scottish father registers as a burgess in Bergen, the 'psalmebog' is in its ninth edition. ." null 0 "Publication of the second extant edition of the 'Gude and Godlie ballatis' or 'Psalms of Dundee'. Attributed to the Wedderburn brothers of Dundee, the volume contains, amongst other lyrics, Lutheran hymns and psalms translated into Scots. Enjoying popularity, the second edition of the 'ballatis' is augmented with new material. " 1578 null 0 1589 The marriage of King James VI Stuart of Scotland and Anna Oldenburg of Denmark-Norway takes place in Oslo. Anna is crowned Queen at Holyrood the following year. This establishes an important economic and cultural alliance between the Houses of Stuart and Oldenburg. James cultivates this alliance long after the Union of the Crowns and his removal to Westminster in 1603. null 0 1596 "Christian IV Oldenburg (brother of Anna, now Queen consort of James VI of Scotland) is crowned King Christian IV of Denmark-Norway." null 0 1599 "Kort Aslakson, a student from Bergen, studies at St Andrews and Edinburgh Universities before going to study at Copenhagen. He is one of many Norwegian scholars who come to Scotland in the C16 and C17." null 0 "Publication of the third extant edition of the 'Gude and Godlie ballatis' or 'Psalms of Dundee'. Attributed to the Wedderburn brothers of Dundee, the volume contains, amongst other lyrics, hymns and psalms of Luther translated into Scots. Though not sanctioned by the Scottish Kirk, the 'ballatis' are popular in private use." 1600 null 0 "William Dais, skipper and burgess of Anstruther Easter dies. His surname represents just one instance of a variety of orthographical variants of the names Daes, Dundass, Dundas found in Scotland's C17 documentary records." 1602 null 0 "Union of the Crowns of England and Scotland on the death of Queen Elizabeth I. James VI Stuart of Scotland travels to London and is crowned James VI and I at Westminster Abbey. This creates a single 'British' polity, but Scots active in Denmark-Norway are still perceived as 'Scottish', except when representing the Crown." 1603 null 0 1605 "Christian IV Oldenburg commands Scots-born naval officer John Cunningham to renew Dano-Norwegian links with Greenland. Cunningham sails with three ships. Returning to Copenhagen the same year, he brings new maps and a few 'specimens' of native Inuit as curiosities from the far north. His voyage is seen as a 'rediscovery' of Greenland." NT-1605 1 1607 "Hendrik Miltzow becomes a minister in Norway. Born in Bergen in 1600, Miltzow spent three years as a young man studying at Edinburgh University. He later became Dean of Hardanger. Miltzow's son was probably well acquainted with Petter Dass." null 0 1611 "The Kalmar War between Denmark-Norway and Sweden begins. (Seeking a trade route, the Swedish had assumed control of territory in north Norway and begun collecting taxes there). After a long siege, the Swedish fortress of Kalmar is captured by a Dano-Norwegian force, possibly with help of Scottish mercenaries from Fife. A Scot, Andrew Sinclair becomes governor of Kalmar. " NT1611 1 1612 The battle of Kringen. A Scottish mercenary force intending to enlist in the Swedish army during the Kalmar War is ambushed by Norwegian peasants. NT1612 2 1613 The Kalmar War between Denmark-Norway and Sweden ends in the Peace of Knaered. "Publication of the fourth and last extant edition of the 'Gude and Godlie ballatis' or 'Psalms of Dundee'. Attributed to the Wedderburn brothers of Dundee, the volume contains, amongst other texts, hymns and psalms of Luther translated into Scots. Popular in private use, the volume was probably familiar to both Peter and Maria Dundass, Petter Dass' father and aunt." 1621 NT1621 4 1623 "Anders Arrebo, Danish bishop of Trondheim, issues his 'Kong Davids psalter'. The psalter, which gains great importance in Denmark-Norway, is revised with the addition of melodies in 1627." null 0 "King James VI and I Stuart dies and is succeeded by his son Charles I, King of England, Scotland and Ireland. An Act of Revocation (of Scottish Church lands) is passed. All church lands and crown lands bestowed since 1542 are required to be restored to the crown. This gradually alienates the Scottish nobility as the effects of the Act are felt in the coming years." 1625 "Christian IV of Denmark-Norway intervenes in the Thirty Years' War to support the Protestant cause in Germany. Several thousand Scots mercenaries are recruited to serve his cause. Some come from Forfarshire (now Angus), Fife and Dundee - including the towns of Montrose, Brechin and Burntisland, and the farmstead of Ardownie." null 0 1627 A revised edition of Anders Arrebo's popular 'Kong Davids psalter' is issued complete with melodies. null 0 1629 The Peace of Luebeck ends Dano-Norwegian intervention in the Thirty Years' War. null 0 1630 "Dundee merchant Pieter Piettersen Dundass (or Dundas) and his sister Maria (Petter Dass' father and aunt) are traditionally believed to leave Scotland in this year to settle in Bergen. In Norway it is thought Dundass may have arrived as a krigsflyktning (war exile). But, like many Scots merchants, Dundass may have been attracted by Bergen's Hanseatic trade. " NT1630 The Scottish Privy Council receives a supplication anent the timber trade with Norway. 1631 NT1631 0 "Charles I crowned at Holyrood, Edinburgh." 1633 null 0 1635 "Pieter Piettersen (Dun)Dass (Petter Dass' father) registers as a burgess in Bergen. He trades, probably in fish and other commodities, between Bergen and northern Norway. In future years all his children, excepting his eldest son, Petter Dass, reinstate the family name Dundass or Dundas." NT1635 1 Attempt to introduce English prayer book in Scotland fails. 1637 null 0 "Second National Covenant signed in Greyfriars Kirkyard, Edinburgh." 1638 null 0 1640 "Pieter Piettersen Dundass (Petter Dass' Scottish father) marries Maren Pedersdatter Falck, the heiress of a property in Helgeland." null 0 "A Solemn League and Covenant is made with English Parliamentarians in an attempt to establish a presbyterian church in England. James Graham, 5th earl and 1st Marquis of Montrose captures and sacks Aberdeen." 1643 null 0 "Battle of Philiphaugh. James Graham, 5th earl of Montrose, covenanter turned royalist, is defeated at Philiphaugh and in the following year escapes to Norway. Dundee is still one of Scotland's most important burghs and has a population of almost 12000 (compared with Glasgow at 6500 and Edinburgh at 34,500)." 1645 The Norwegian provinces of Jaemtland and Haerjedalen are ceded to Sweden as result of Denmark-Norway's intervention in the Thirty Years War. null 0 The Marquis of Montrose flees to Norway following defeat at the battle of Philiphaugh. 1646 NT1646 0 1647 "Petter Dass is born Nord-Heroey in Nordland, north Norway. " null 0 1648 Christian IV of Denmark-Norway dies and is succeeded by Frederick III. null 0 Charles I is executed. Charles II is proclaimed King in Scotland. 1649 null 0 "James Graham, 5th earl of Montrose, covenanter turned royalist, orders his mercenary force of 'Danes' (Dano-Norwegians, Germans and Scots) to sail from Bergen to Orkney. Joining them in Orkney, Montrose receives orders from Charles II to invade the Scottish mainland. " 1650 null 0 "Charles II Stuart, accepting terms preventing Anglicisation of the Scottish church, is crowned King of Scotland at Scone (the last coronation on Scottish soil). Cromwell's troops sack Dundee. Around 2000 people (a sixth of the population) are killed. Of Dundee's 100 or so ships, 60 are taken into the Firth of Tay and sunk. Dundee falters as a burgh and is soon eclipsed by Glasgow and Aberdeen." 1651 null 0 1653 "Petter Dass' Scots-born father dies. Dass is sent to live with his maternal aunt, Anna Falck who is married to the priest at Naeroy, Niels Mikkelsen Arctander. Dass attends school and also herds sheep for 6-7 yrs. Norwegian scholar Torleiv Steinhardson studies at St Andrews University. He later returns to Bergen Cathedral, where he becomes a minister, making no secret of his Calvinist sympathies." null 0 "Oliver Cromwell learns that Dundee, sacked in 1650, is now 'much shaken and abated of her former grandeur' but still trading with Norway, Holland and France, and still able to export salmon." 1655 null 0 "Restoration of Charles II Stuart as King of England, King of Scots, and King of Ireland. " 1660 "Petter Dass goes to Bergen to live with his Scottish aunt, Maria Pedersdatter Dass. There, for 5 years, he attends the Latin school where pupils' duties include leading and embellishing the singing at church services. King Frederick III gains absolute power via a new constitution. " null 0 1662 "In Norway, 'town privileges' concentrate the timber trade in urban centres. This gives town merchants exclusive rights to purchase timber direct from farms and sawmills. A wealthy 'middle' class begins to emerge in Norway's towns as a result." null 0 1666 "Petter Dass matriculates at the University of Copenhagen as Petrus Petri Dassius. Though alone and poor, he there meets leading post-Reformation thinkers. Dass is helped by his cousin and lifelong friend Peter Jespersen." null 0 1669 Petter Dass returns home to Helgeland (Nordland) where becomes a tutor. null 0 1670 Christian V accedes to the throne of Denmark-Norway. Petter Dass begins writing his verse descriptions of Nordland. null 0 1672 "Petter Dass travels to Copenhagen to seek royal pardon for his affair with a local girl, Margrethe Andersdatter." null 0 King James VII marries Mary of Modena. 1673 "Petter Dass is appointed assistant priest at Nesne, an annexe of the parish of Alstahaug in Nordland." null 0 1674 Thomas Kingo begins work on his 'Aandelig siunge-koor' a collection of devotional melodies which includes reworkings of German and Danish sources. NT1674 1 1675 "Petter Dass' son, Anders, is born." NT1675 1 1678 "Petter Dass inherits the farm of Strand on Nesna from his grandfather, bailiff Petter Jacobsen Falck. Like his father, Peter Dundass from Dundee, Petter Dass trades between Bergen and north Norway." NT1678 1 Covenanters are suppressed at the battle of Bothwell Brig. 1679 The Treaty of Lund between Denmark and Sweden. null 0 1683 Petter Dass is appointed priest at Nesna in Nordland. His poem 'Den nordske dale-viise' is published in Copenhagen. NT1683 2 1684 "Ludvig Holberg, father of Norwegian literature, is born." null 0 King Charles II dies. James VII is crowned at Westminster. 1685 "In Denmark, Calvinists are granted rights to perform their own worship." null 0 William of Orange and Mary become joint sovereigns of the United Kingdom. A Jacobite rising against William and Mary is put down at Killiecrankie. 1689 Petter Dass is appointed parish priest at Alstahaug in Nordland. NT1689 2 1691 "Petter Dass seeks to have his topographical poem 'Nordlands trompet' published. But almost 50 years will elapse before a first, posthumous edition is printed." NT1691 1 1696 Petter Dass completes 'Nordlands trompet' seven years after his arrival at Alstahaug. null 0 1697 Petter Dass attempts to get his 'Katekismegesangene' ('Catechism songs') printed. null 0 1699 Petter Dass attempts to publish 'Nordlands trompet' but receives a letter of rejection from Copenhagen. null 0 1700 "Petter Dass, now sick and weak, seeks to appoint his son, Anders to his post as priest at Alstahaug. Anders has studied in both Copenhagen and London." null 0 "King William III dies and Queen Anne, daughter of King James VII accedes to the throne." 1702 Bergen suffers a great fire. null 0 1704 "Petter Dass' son, Anders, is finally permitted to take over his father's post at Alstahaug." null 0 The Treaty of Union between the Kingdoms of England and Scotland is implemented via Acts of Parliament. 1707 "Petter Dass dies at Alstahaug. His funeral is conducted there by his friend, the parish priest of Broeynnoesund, Peter Bredal. Sailors and fishermen in the north and west of Norway sew a black square of cloth on their sails to commemorate their beloved 'Herr Petter'. " null 0 1739 The poem 'Den nordske Dale-viise' becomes the first of Petter Dass' works to reach print. null 0